Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychological treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective for a range of problems including depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug use problems, marital problems, eating disorders, and severe mental illness.

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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is recognized as an evidence-supported approach for treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, it has evolved to address a broader spectrum of psychological conditions such as Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD), particularly in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as those experiencing anxiety disorders.

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RSD, characterized by intense emotional pain and discomfort triggered by perceived or actual rejection, criticism, or failure, is a common but often overlooked manifestation in individuals with ADHD. The heightened emotional response associated with RSD can significantly impair social interactions, self-esteem, and overall quality of life. 

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Furthermore, EMDR's application extends to treating anxiety disorders, where it aids in the processing of anxiety-provoking stimuli and the reduction of physiological arousal associated with anxiety responses. The therapy's structured approach helps individuals reframe and desensitize the impact of triggers that exacerbate anxiety symptoms, promoting a more adaptive coping mechanism.

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Emerging research indicates that a modified version of this therapy, focused on addiction, known as Addiction-Focused EMDR (AF-EMDR), shows promise in addressing addictive behaviors, including sex and pornography addiction, substance use disorder (SUD) and gambling disorder (GD). This specialized form of EMDR zeroes in on the complex web of addiction-related issues, such as cravings, the fear of relapse, historical relapse patterns, positive associations with substance use, and an overarching sense of powerlessness over one's addiction. AF-EMDR therapy aims to mitigate the impact of triggers, facilitate the processing of positive emotional states, bolster supportive resources linked to successful recovery, and work through unresolved traumatic memories.

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Another adaptation, Attachment-Focused EMDR (AF-EMDR), expands on the traditional EMDR framework to address psychological difficulties that stem from traumatic experiences in early childhood. By incorporating a focus on repairing attachment issues, AF-EMDR offers a tailored approach for individuals who may not fully benefit from standard EMDR methods due to significant relational trauma and attachment disturbances. This variant maintains the core principles of EMDR therapy while integrating strategies to mend and fortify attachment relationships.